Van de Graaff Generator
نویسندگان
چکیده
In this work it was developed a Van de Graaff generator that we design and built and that is intended to be used in secondary schools for teaching basic principles of electrostatics, electromagnetic as well as a number of other applications. Today many schools laboratories and museums use this kind of generator for electrostatic demonstrations. Electrostatics was first noticed by the Greek philosopher Thales, who discovered that amber attracted light objects when rubbed. For centuries this phenomenon was only considered a natural curiosity. It is a fact that extremely high voltages can be generated by friction of dissimilar substances. This fact is the base of electrostatic generators. The first known electrostatic generator was built in 1660 by the German experimenter, Otto von Guericke. The Van de Graaff generator was invented by Robert Jamison Van de Graaff, in the USA, by 1929, with the objective of generating high voltages for experiments in nuclear physics. Ancient electrostatic machines can be traced to the 1800's or before. The classical machine consists in a motorized insulating belt that transports charge to a hollow terminal. Inside the terminal the charge is collected by a comb close to the belt and transferred to the exterior surface of the terminal by the Faraday Effect. Charges are sprayed over the belt surface by another comb that is below, connected to an electronic DC high-voltage supply (motor). Guides and hints about the safe use of it in the classroom will be presented.
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